District Profile

Description of Agro-climatic Zone & major agro ecological situations (based on soil & topography)

Semi Arid Eastern Plain zone III A of Rajasthan have alluvial as well as black soils in Districts including Tonk. Only 28% area is irrigated and Bajra, Jwar, Moong, Urd, Sesame, Mustard, Wheat, Gram are the main crops of Kharif and Rabi in this region.

Agro Ecological Situation

Agro ecological situation of the district which is situated in mid eastern part of Rajasthan falling in semi arid eastern plain zone III A. Tonk, an erstwhile princely state of Rajasthan is located in the north-eastern part between longitudes 75007’ and 760 19’ and latitude 250 41’ and 260 34’. This is bounded by the capital district of Rajasthan namely Jaipur, in the southeast by Bhilwara district, in the west by Ajmer district and in the east by Sawai Madhopur district. The district is flat and has a kite shape; the district has elevation of about 264.32 meters above the sea level. The river Banas is the lifeline of the district, which divides the district into two halves. The climate of the district is moderate, dry and healthy without significant variations. The mean temperature of the district is 34 degree Celsius. The district receives a moderate rainfall of 455 mm annually. The district is divided in to 7 subdivisions. The total population of the district is 1211343 and the density of population is around 168/sq.km. Around 36% land is problematic with brackish water. The major sources of irrigation are wells and ponds (Number 194). However, the irrigated area varies with precipitation and water availability in ponds. The average size of holding is 3.4 ha. Diversity of soils is immense. Rains cause ponding condition and water stress is experienced at later stages of crop growth. Around 21 percent and 12 percent population spreading in 1089 villages belongs to SC and ST categories respectively. Major crops are sorghum, groundnut, pearl millet, moong, urd, mustard, wheat, barley, gram, spices & vegetables in that order having wide realizable yield gaps. Cows and bullocks (2.5 Lac), buffaloes (3.10 Lac) sheep (2.54 Lac) goats (3.93 Lac) constitute the major bulk of cattle wealth in the district.

The district has seven broad farming situations and micro-farming situation based on soils, rainfall and irrigation facilities.

Rainfed-Coarse Texture Soil (R-CT) : Areas adjoining Jaipur district have rainfall between 444-688 mm with low available water holding capacity promises cultivation of one crop in a year during Kharif. This situation can be taken as Jowar / Pearl millet and Kharif pulses belt.

Rainfed medium Texture Soil (R-MT) : Major area of the district has rainfall of 516-670 mm with water holding capacity of medium Texture Soil being 6.38 to 17.86 cm m-1 in the plough layer and permit conservation of moisture in the monsoon. Sorghum is primary with Pearl millet as next major crop during Kharif followed by Sesame, Urd bean. During Rabi Chick pea, Mustard, Barley and Wheat are grown on conserved soil moisture. Now Bajra is replacing Jowar due to limited rains. Sheep rearing is important in the farming situation.

Irrigated-Coarse Texture Soil (I-CT) : This situation frequently intercepts the rainfall Coarse Textured situation in cropping pattern but permits 200 or higher cropping intensity and productivity of crops, spices, vegetables and fruits are also grown.

Irrigated-Medium Texture Soil (I-MT): Comparatively a small farming situation intercept Rain-fed medium Texture Soils. It receives irrigation both from wells and tanks / canals. In addition to Jowar and Pearl millet, in the region Maize and Cotton are also grown. Cultivation of vegetables in pockets is followed.

 

Tank-bed and River-bed farming (TB-RB) : The district has some large, natural tanks and seasonal rivers. Farmers grow Wheat, Barley, Chick Pea and Mustard. During Rabi and Summer vegetables in their beds after receding of water.

Brackish irrigation area : In the district 25-50 percent of wells supply brackish water. Either Rain fed crops are grown or fields are left fallow for leaching of salts with rain water. Mustard, Wheat and Barley are grown during Rabi season.

Hilly forest lands (HFL) : Under discontinuous phase of Aravalies coarse texture and poor quality soils are found as a result of disintegration of rocks supporting scanty tree growth. The situation suffers from devastation of natural flora.

 

Major constraints to agricultural production in the district are

 

• Limited irrigation facilities.
• Low and degraded plant nutrient status of soils.
• Low productivity of land based enterprises crops and livestock.
• Poor reach and access of farmers to scientific farming including livestock rising.
• Loss due to insect & diseases in major crops and vegetables.

The KVK has succeeded to mitigate the ill effects of such constraints as could be manipulated through Research-KVK-department linkage forums, trainings, demonstration, motivational interventions and promoting peoples participation in TOT efforts to promote farm productivity under critical diverse and risk prone farming system.

Techniques to mitigate drought due to limited and erratic rainfall, tank-beds and river-beds profitable farming and cultivation with brackish water need extensive research and extension efforts.

 

Area, Production and Productivity of major crops cultivated in the district (2024)*

* Source (Statistical Data 2024-25): Department of Agriculture (GoR)

 

Production and productivity of livestock, Poultry, Fisheries etc. in the district

 

Weather Data (2024)

 

Details of Operational area / Villages (2024)

Taluka	Block	Village	Major crops / enterprises	Major problem identified	Identified Thrust Areas
Niwai	Niwai	Hingotiya, Seendara	Mustard, Wheat, Green gram, Black gram, Groundnut, Pearl millet, Cluster bean, Seas mum, Tomato, Brinjal, Garden pea, Cucumber, Bitter gourd, Chilli etc. & Cow, Buffalo, Goat and Sheep	Limited irrigation facility, Saline- Alkali soils, poor nutrient status, low productivity of crops, access of scientist farming system, low productivity of livestock, poor nutrition and health status of farming community	Suitable for Rain-fed farming
Peeplu	Peeplu	Sisola	Mustard, Wheat, Green gram, Black gram,, Pearl millet, Cluster bean, Seas mum, Round melon, Cucumber, Bitter gourd etc. & Cow, Buffalo, Goat and Sheep	Limited irrigation facility, Saline- Alkali soils, poor nutrient status, low productivity of crops, access of scientist farming system, low productivity of livestock, poor nutrition and health status of farming community	Suitable for Rain-fed farming
Tonk	Tonk	Rustumganj	Wheat, Mustard, Green gram, Black gram, Ber, Guava & Cow, Buffalo, Goat	Limited irrigation facility, Saline- Alkali soils, poor nutrient status, low productivity of crops, access of scientist farming system, low productivity of livestock, poor nutrition and health status of farming community	Suitable for off season vegetable cultivation and orchard management
Uniara	Uniara	Kholya	Mustard, Wheat, Chickpea, Black gram, Pearl millet, Guava & Cow, Buffalo, Goat, Sheep	Good Irrigation facility, Saline soils, poor nutrient status, low productivity of crops, access of scientist farming system, low productivity of livestock, poor nutrition and health status of farming community	Suitable for cereals, pulses, vegetable crops and Guava
Malpura	Malpura	Bhagwanpura	Green gram, Black gram, Pearl millet,  Chickpea, Wheat, Mustard & Cow, Buffalo, Sheep and Goat	Limited irrigation facility, Alkali soils, poor nutrient status, low productivity of crops, access of scientist farming system, low productivity of livestock, poor nutrition and health status of farming community	Suitable for Pulses
Todaraisingh	Toda	Kalyanpura	Mustard, Wheat, Chickpea, Green gram, Sorghum, Pearl millet & Cow, Buffalo and Goat	Better irrigation facility, Saline- Alkali soils, poor nutrient status, low productivity of crops, access of scientist farming system, low productivity of livestock, poor nutrition and health status of farming community	Suitable for seed production of Cereals and Pulses crop
Deoli	Deoli	Sirohi	Mustard, Wheat, Black gram & Cow, Buffalo and Goat	Good irrigation facility, Saline- Alkali soils, poor nutrient status, low productivity of crops, access of scientist farming system, low productivity of livestock, poor nutrition and health status of farming community	Suitable for Oilseed cultivation
Dooni	-	Saroli	Mustard, Wheat, Black gram & Cow, Buffalo, Sheep, Poultry and Goat	Good irrigation facility, Saline- Alkali soils, poor nutrient status, low productivity of crops, access of scientist farming system, low productivity of livestock, poor nutrition and health status of farming community	Suitable for Sheep & Goat Farming and Fodder Production
Nagarfort	-	Phuleta	Mustard, Wheat, Black gram & Cow, Buffalo, Sheep, Poultry and Goat	Good irrigation facility, Saline- soils, poor nutrient status, low productivity of crops, access of scientist farming system, low productivity of livestock, poor nutrition and health status of farming community	Suitable for Sheep & Goat Farming and Fodder Production

Priority/thrust areas (2024)

S. No.	Crop/ Enterprise	Thrust area
1	Green gram, Black gram, Groundnut, Seas mum, Mustard, Chickpea, Wheat, Barley and Seed spices	Improved agronomic techniques
2	Green gram, Black gram, Groundnut, Seas mum, Mustard, Chickpea, Wheat, Barley, Vegetables	Integrated nutrient management
3	Vermi-compost, Waste decomposer	Promote organic farming
4	Saline and Alkaline Soils	Reclamation and management of soils
5	Pulses, Cereals, Oilseed, Fruit & Vegetables	Integrated pest and diseases management
6	Off season Vegetables and Strawberry	Protected cultivation
7	Sheep and goat rearing	Livestock Management